It's not a loss of BTU's, it's a loss of lubricity...
Now this is where things fall apart for me.
There are two issues here; the lubricity of the DIESEL, needed for the fuel system and the lubricity of the oil, needed for the rest of the engine. VW says that, if you run LSD in a PD-engine, you need to change your oil every 7,500km. My understanding is that this is due to oil contamination caused by the increased sulphur content, which breaks down the oil, reducing its lubrication properties.
I was under the impression that the oil companies were working very hard at removing the sulphur from the diesel and replacing it with other additives that would not break down the lubrication properties of the fuel, so as to ensure the fuel system does not suffer. For this reason I never had an issue with running 50ppm in either of my TDi's.
When I was at varsity, one of my fellow post-grad students did a study in the lubricity of diesel mixtures. The study was aimed at proving the detrimental effects of mixing diesel with things like paraffin, JET-A1, petrol and water. He used 50ppm as a reference in his study and the difference between 500ppm and 50ppm was never discussed. I always assumed 50ppm would be at least the same as 500ppm...
A mate of mine's dad had one of the first 96kW 1.9TDi Audi A4's and this car had all four injectors replaced at 120,000km. Cause...? Bad fuel. He used 500ppm BUT, he's a farmer and used to fill up his TDi with the same stuff from his 2000litre tank he uses for the tractors, so who knows what else was in there.
Personally I've driven a total of almost 280,000km now with my two TDi's using ONLY 50ppm and I don't have ANY issues with the fuel systems. What's more important to me is that you use a reputable filling station with a high turnover in diesel as this would reduce the risk of contaminated fuel getting into your tank. 50ppm vs. 500ppm...? I use 50ppm because of the extended oil changes.