I'm not Spock, either. The light sensor detects changes in the refraction of light that would be indicative of water on the windscreen and (if your wipers are in the right mode) automatically engages the wipers. It may also be used for the other light-related functions - not sure about that.
I wonder why rain sensors were developed using optics; the most obvious solution (I would have thought) would be electrical conductivity, but that might be fooled by high humidity, I suppose.